The concept of “History”. The stages of the evolution of historical science from antiquity to date. Categories of historiography (political, military, quantitative). The difference between Thucydides and Plutarch. History and Biography. Schools of historical studies of the nineteenth and twentieth century (Positivism, the French school – the journal Annales, the British Marxist School, economic and social history, etc. The relationship between history and other social sciences and theoretical and methodological issues which occasionally turn up .